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Wednesday, June 29, 2022

How To Change A Superlative To A Positive Degree?

How To Change Superlative To Positive Degree?

Today, we are going to discuss the rules of degree change in English grammar by following simple steps and methods. Comparison of adjective words or adverbial words is known as degree comparison in English grammar. This is a significant chapter in the conversion of sentences. Here, according to the rule of changing the adjective or adverb-adjective word, we have to change a sentence from positive to superlative.

I am going to discuss below some rules for changing degrees from one form to another.

What is Superlative Degree?

Superlative degree is used to describe an object that is above or below a quality (maximum, smallest, fastest, highest). These are used in sentences where a subject is compared to a group of objects.
Noun (subject) + verb + the + superlative degree + noun (object).

Examples:
  • My village  is the largest one in our neighborhood.
  • This is the smallest table I've ever seen.
  • Your cat ran the fastest of any cat in the race.

What is Positive Degree?

The simplest form of positive degree adjective. There is no comparison between a person or a thing, only that it expresses the quality of nouns and pronouns: he is good. He is not bad. You are poor but honest. It's too big. There is no comparison between them but they only express quality in the normal way. So they have a positive degree.

Examples:
  • Mr. Michael is a good man.
  • Jhon is as smart as his brother.
  • Alex is as clever as Madan.
  • You're not as intelligent as her.

The Points You Must Remember

There are some points to keep in mind when changing degrees. Here they are:

  • Point-01: The sign of the Positive Degree is “as…..as/so…..as”.
  • Point-02: The sign of the Superlative Degree is “the”.
  • Point-03: The form of the adjective or adverb word will be changed following the form of the degree: (Positive- Strong)/ (Superlative-Strongest).
  • Point-04: The original meaning of the sentence should not be changed during the conversion.
  • Point-05: During the transformation sentences, to keep the meaning the same, you need to change the position of the subject and object.

(When changing the degree, the subject of the original sentence and the position of the object should be changed. That is, the object in the positive degree should be placed as the subject in the comparative degree/ superlative degree)

How to Change Superlative to Positive Degree

Rules to convert Superlative Degree to Positive Degree:

Rule 1:
No other + the next part of the given Superlative + verb + so / as + Positive form of Superlative Degree + as + subject of the original sentence.

Examples:
  • Superlative: Alex is the smallest player in the team.
  • Positive: No other player in the team is as small as Alex.
  • Superlative: Sami is the best housewife.
  • Positive: No other housewife is as good as Sami.

Rule 2:
All other, most other, many other, few other, very few, one of the rules to convert the added Superlative Degree to Positive Degree:

First very few + Superlative next part + plural form of verb + so/ as + Positive form of Superlative Degree + as + subject of original sentence.

Examples:
  • Superlative: She is one of the best singers in the team.
  • Positive: Very few singers in the team are as good as she.
  • Superlative: Silver is one of the most useful metals.
  • Positive: Very few metals are as useful as Silver.

Now look at the examples and explanations of these rules below. The modified parts of all the sentences are in bold. I have explained all the facts of both the rules.

Example of Rule: 01

  • Positive: No other boy in the class is as good as Smith.
  • Superlative: Smith is the best boy in the class.

Explanation:
Here, the adjective word ‘good’ has been comparatively changed to ‘better’ and sublimely to ‘best’. Also, positively the word ‘Smith’ has become a comparative and higher subject word. Finally, you can see that the verb form in this rule is singular.

Example of Rule: 02

  • Positive: Very few cities are as developed as U.K. in the world.
  • Superlative: U.K. is one of the most developed cities in the world.

Explanation:
Here, the adjective term ‘developed’ has been changed to ‘more developed’ and ‘most developed’ in comparison. Also, positively the term object ‘U.K’ has become a comparative and higher subject word. Finally, you can see that the verb form in this rule is plural.

Example of Rule: 03

  • Positive: The girl is as strong as the boy.
  • Superlative: The girl is not stronger than the boy.
  • Positive: You believe him as much as I.
  • Superlative: You do not believe him more than I.
  • Positive: Your pan is as fine as mine.
  • Superlative: Your pan is not finer than mine.

Explanation:
In this rule, you will get a word after “as…as”. Here, the adjective word ‘strong’ has been comparatively changed to ‘strong’. Also positively the word ‘girl’ has become a relatively subject word. Finally, you will do the comparative negative if the positive form is positive. But, if the positive form is negative, you will make the comparative form positive. This meaning must be kept the same.

Example of Rule: 04

  • Positive: The boy is as ugly as you said.
  • Superlative: The boy is no less ugly than you said.
  • Positive: The learner is not as fool as I think.
  • Superlative: The learner is less fool than I think.

Explanation:
In this rule you will get a sentence after "as… as". Here, your comparative adjective form does not need to change and neither does the position of the subject and object. You will do comparatively negative if the positive form is positive. But, if the positive form is negative, you will make the comparative form positive. This meaning must be kept the same.

Conclusion

This is a complete set of rules for changing degrees, including examples and explanations. Remember that this lesson is one of the basic parts of the essential grammatical lesson. I hope you understand this lesson better now. You can convert any sentence from positive to comparative or higher and from higher to comparative and positive.

But if you have any trouble understanding this lesson here are some rules of degree change, please let me know in the comments section below. I am always here to help you, to ensure your language learning.

Frequently Asked Questions on Superlative And Positive

What is a degree?

Degrees in English grammar are nothing more than adjectives and adverbial forms.

What Is the Positive Degree?

The positive degree of an adjective is the simplest form of that adjective.

For example:
  • Adjectives: rich, pretty, handsome, good
  • Adverbs: slowly, beautifully

What Is the Superlative Degree?

The superlative degree of an adjective indicates the highest level of quality. Superlative degrees are usually used to compare more than two persons or things.

For example:
  • Adjectives: richest, prettiest, most handsome, best
  • Adverbs: most slowly, most beautifully

Short A Video Summary

For a better or good understanding, watch this video on chapters, How To Change Superlative To Positive Degree? And How To Use It? Then it will help to understand the matter more is change Superlative To Positive Degree.




Saturday, June 25, 2022

What Is The Best Way To Study Modern Physics?

What is The Study of Modern Physics?

Modern Physics

Basically, there are two (2) types of physics, modern physics and classical physics. Modern physics believes in the dual nature of both particles and waves of matter. It provides a microscopic view of matter, based on Planck's quantum theory of light and de Broglie's concept of matter-waves. Atomic physics, relative physics, nuclear physics, and quantum physics are examples of modern physics.

What Is Modern Physics?

As a result of the theoretical propositions of physicists Einstein and Max Planck, new concepts of physics developed in the first three decades of the 20th century are called modern physics. After the rise of Einstein's relativity and the measurement of electromagnetic waves, this new field of study has emerged, expanding the limited horizons of classical physics.

Broader than classical physics, modern physics is capable of interpreting events on a very small and very high speed scale, very close to the speed of light. 20th century physicists realized that current knowledge is not enough to explain phenomena such as photoelectric effects or blackbody radiation. Thus, various assumptions about the nature of light and matter and the interaction between them tend to be raised.

Who is The Father of Modern Physics?

Albert Einstein is called the father of modern physics. He is a 20th century scientist who came up with the most important idea. An important work of Albert Einstein is the theory of relativity and the famous equation E=mc2.

He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for discovering the laws of theoretical physics, especially photoelectric effects.

Introduction to Modern Physics

Modern physics is based on two major discoveries of the early 20th century. These are quantum and relativity mechanics. Such physics is based on what was previously known, such as Newton's laws, Maxwell's equations, thermodynamics, and classical physics.

Modern physics represents the foundations and frontiers of today's physics. It is focusing on domains such as quantum mechanics; Applications of Atomic, Nuclear, Particle and Condensed Matter Physics. Mainly it includes special relativity, relativistic quantum mechanics, Dirac equation and Feynman diagram, quantum field with general relativity. Modern physics aims to cover these topics in considerable depth.

Topics in Modern Physics
The various topics that form the basis of modern physics are:
  • Atomic theory and atomic model
  • Black-body radiation
  • Franck–Hertz experiment
  • Geiger–Marsden experiment (Rutherford’s experiment)
  • Gravitational lensing
  • Michelson–Morley experiment
  • Photoelectric effect
  • Quantum thermodynamics
  • Radioactive phenomena in general
  • Perihelion precession of Mercury
  • Stern–Gerlach experiment
  • Wave-particle duality
  • Solid

Important Discoveries in Modern Physics
The history and development of modern physics is characterized by various experiments. Among these, we can mention those who have given us a deep understanding of the structure of matter and atoms. Some examples of these important discoveries are given below:

  • In 1895, Wilhelm Roentgen discovered the existence of X-rays. It is an invisible type of highly penetrating radiation.
  • A few years later in 1900, the German physicist Max Planck proposed that charge is caused by a magnetic field and has a measurable value. It is an integer multiple of a minimum and constant.
  • In 1905, through his theory of relativity, Albert Einstein explained and showed that relativity moves at very high speeds. This speed was close to the speed of light, experiencing the passage of time and measuring distance in various ways.
  • In 1913, Niels Bohr proposed that the energy levels of electrons scattered around the atomic nucleus are measured. This means, their power is given by an integer multiple of the minimum value.
  • In 1924, the wave-particle duality established by physicist Louis de Broglie showed that anything can behave like a wave.
  • In 1926, quantum mechanics emerged. This was the result of the work of physicists such as Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger.

Thus, modern physics was able to explore the nature of the microscopic world, and the great relativistic motion. It provided valuable explanations for various physical phenomena that had been misunderstood until then.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is modern physics?

Answer: Modern physics is a branch of physics that deals with post-Newtonian concepts in the world of physics. It is based on two major advances of the twentieth century: relativity and quantum mechanics.

What is the photoelectric effect?

Answer: The electrical effect of light is a phenomenon where electrons are emitted from a metal surface when light of sufficient frequency occurs. The concept of photoelectric effect was documented by Henrik Hertz in 1887 and later by Leonard in 1902.

Who is the father of modern physics?

Answer: Albert Einstein is called the father of modern physics. He was a scientist of the 20th century who came up with the most important idea.

What is black body radiation?

Answer: In order to maintain thermal balance, a black object must emit radiation at the same rate as it absorbs, and so it must be a good radiator of radiation, as much as it can emit electromagnetic waves of all frequencies. The radiation emitted by the blackbody is known as blackbody radiation.

What is wien’s displacement law?

Answer: Blackbody radiation is inversely proportional to the line temperature for the peaks of different temperatures of a wavelength.

Why is modern physics such important?

Answer: The term physics describes how the applied natural world works with mathematical formulas. Chemistry is being applied mainly in physics as well as biology. Physical theory is responsible for the transformation of modern computers as well as electronics that have made advances in electronic media.


Monday, June 20, 2022

What Is The Best Example of Classical Physics?

What Is Classical Physics Definition?

Physics is a science with clear experimental value through which theory or law is drawn. This discipline is divided into three basic branches: classical, modern and contemporary. Classical Physics

What is the object of study from a classical point of view? Analysis of these phenomena, whose speed is much lower than the speed of light. From a historical point of view, this branch of physics includes research conducted before the 20th century. This field of knowledge also integrates scientific phenomena.

Opposes modern physics, whose study aims to value particle analysis, the analysis of microscopic reality.

Classical physics also shows a model of the world governed by mechanical laws in the cosmic view of the physical universe. From this point of view, the universe can be metaphorically interpreted as the cog of a perfect clock whose elements run through causal formulas. Classical Physics

What Is Called Classical Physics?

Classical physics refers to theories of physics that preceded modern, more complete, or more widely applied theories. In classical physics, energy and matter are considered as separate entities. Newtonian, thermodynamics, mechanics, and Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism are all examples of classical physics. Difficulties in classical physics:

Classical physics is not compatible with Maxwell's electrodynamics. Classical physics fails to attribute the wave-like nature of microscopic particles, blackbody radiation, and mild electrical effects to asymmetrical structures in the asymmetric Xyman atomic spectrum.

Parts of Classical Physics

This concept has been integrated by several specific branches:
  1. Thermodynamics: The body studies the relationship between heat and energy as a transforming element. Moreover, energy can become a working formula, which is a principle of movement.
  2. Mechanics: Analysis of dynamic and resting entities, as well as their development over time. In this context, the laws concerning motion proposed by scientist Isaac Newton are also integrated.
  3. Optics: light analysis.
  4. Sound: The study of how sound propagates and how waves travel through matter. Classical Physics
  5. Electricity aland Magnetism: Analysis of electricity at both dynamic and resting times. This is called electromagnetism.

This part of physics shows a clear contradiction with quantum physics which appears as a solution to answer phenomena where the explanations made till then were not precise.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Why is classical physics harder than quantum physics?

It's another way around for the greatest majority of students!! Classical physics is much more comprehensible than quantum physics. Which is often the opposite and much more difficult to understand than classical physics.

What are the limitations of classical physics?

Classical physics has no answer for particles being in two places at once or seemingly communicating thousands of miles instantly or tunneling through energy walls.

What is the difference between classical physics?

Classical physics is often taken to mean non-quantum mechanical physics. It includes things like Newtonian mechanics and electromagnetism, but it also has special and general relativity.

What was the last theory of classical physics?

The study of the specific heat of solids was probably the last subject of classical physics.


Thursday, June 16, 2022

What Is an Appositive? - (With Definition, Examples And Types)

Definition of Appositives in English

In English grammar, an opposition is a noun, a noun phrase or a series of nouns placed next to another word or phrase. So that it can be identified or renamed. The word "negative" comes from the Latin "given." Nonrestrictive adjectives are usually set by commas, parentheses or dashes. A word or phrase such as, for example, or by which an apostrophe may be introduced.

What Is An Appositive?

An Appositive

In the world of grammar, an inspired is a single word that refers to two or more grammatically parallel units that indicate the same thing where one unit helps to identify the other, e.g. My dog ​​Lucy. In this case, the word "Lucy" is an appositive because it further identifies the noun "dog". Think of appositive as extra layers of description that may appear at the beginning, middle, and end of a sentence.

What Are The Three Types Of Appositives?

1. Nominative in Appositives: In this case Appositives sit after the Subject.

Example: Mr. Smith, Principle of our college, is a good administrator.

Note: Case-in-Appositives provides additional information about its previous noun. Here also the principle of our college, the noun phrase is its previous noun - Mr. Smith then sat down and provided additional information about him. So the principle of our college - Appositives or case in Appositives.

2. Objective in Appositives: In this case Appositives sits after the object and provides additional information about the object.

Example: We invited Mr. Alex, a great physician of USA.

Note: The appositives "a great physician" in the above sentence provides additional information about the "Mr. Alex" object sitting next to it. So a great physician of USA Appositives.

3. Possessive in Appositives: In this case, the appositive is possessive and indicates the possessiveness of its previous noun.

Example: I have read Nazrul, the poet's work.

Note: In the above sentence "the poet's work" - Appositive because the poet has the possessive mark ('s) and it indicates possession over the works of his previous noun Nazrul.

Many times the appositive can sit at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, the appositive sits at the beginning of the sentence and precedes the noun that provides additional information.

Examples:
  • A famous novelist, Michael has consented to attend our function.
  • The famous novel, Michael Copperfield, is a classic.

What Is An Example Of Appositives?
Appositives
is the noun or noun phrase that sits next to the main noun. It describes, helps to identify, explains or gives more information about that main noun. For example: My cat, Bengal, is bigger than you expected. For example, "my cat" versus "Bengal". This is because "my cat" is describing or "Bengal" is defining what.

In each of these appositive examples, the appositive appears in the middle of the sentence next to the noun whose name is changed. Appositive are similar.

In Closing

The next time you want to improve the flow, clarity or descriptive quality of your writing, try using an apostrophe. If you have any other great similar examples, feel free to comment below!

FAQs - Definition of Appositives in English

What is an appositive?

Answer: An appositive is a phrase that defines a noun or noun phrase. Although it is not the same as an adjective. Appositives still function as nouns and usually include complete phrases. They can come before or after the noun or pronoun they modify. And can be placed at the beginning, middle and end of a sentence. Placement usually depends more on the writer's choice.

What is an appositive phrase?

Answer: An appositive phrase is a group of words that contains an appositive and its modifier. Similar to a single word, appositive phrases next to the noun or pronoun they are naming.

How to use appositive phrases?

Answer: Using a appositive phrase can improve your writing. It even makes it easier to convey additional information.

​​Is there an appositive sentence?

Answer: No. As we saw above, an appositive is not a verb. However, appositives can easily be turned into relative simple sentences depending on the writer's or speaker's style and preferences.

What does the word appositive mean?

Answer: In grammar textbooks, you'll usually find that an appositive phrase is a noun phrase that stands with the noun it describes. It basically means, that an inflected word or phrase is related to the noun. This is about more details gives details. It enriches a sentence and reveals more about its subject or object.


Monday, June 13, 2022

What Is The Simple Definition Of Biochemistry?

Simple Definition of Biochemistry

Biochemistry is the application of chemistry to the study of biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels. It emerged as a distinct discipline in the early 20th century, when scientists combined chemistry, physiology, and biology to explore the chemistry of living systems.

What is Biochemistry?

Biochemistry is a field of experimental science aimed at studying the chemical basis and molecular processes of life. The advances in molecular biology, which are among the branches of biochemistry, have been most significant in the last 20 years. 

The realization of the molecular nature of genetic information related to recombinant DNA engineering techniques enables biochemists to make significant advances in various fields such as human genetics, pharmacology, agriculture. And understanding environmental science and evolution. In this fashion, biochemistry has contributed to the rise and success of biotechnology, an important new sector of the modern economy. Techniques associated with the structural analysis of macromolecules (proteins and nucleic acids) have enabled modern biochemistry to unravel the most intimate mysteries of life.

biochemistry in medicine

What is Biochemistry Used For?

There is a clear application of biochemistry in medicine, dentistry and veterinary medicine. Other applications include:

  • Biochemistry is used to learn about the biological processes that take place between cells and organisms.
  • Biochemistry can be used to study the properties of organic molecules, for a variety of purposes. For example, a biochemist may study the properties of keratin in hair to create a shampoo that enhances curls or softness.
  • Biochemists find the use of organic molecules. For example, a biochemist may use a specific lipid as a dietary supplement.
  • Alternatively, a biochemist may find an alternative to a normal biomolecule. For example, biochemists help create artificial sweeteners.
  • Biochemists can help cells make new products. Gene therapy involves biochemistry. The development of biotechnology falls into the category of biochemistry.

What do Biochemist do?

Many biochemists work in chemistry labs. Some biochemists may focus on modeling, which will lead them to work with computers. Some biochemists work in the field, studying the biochemical mechanisms of an organism. Biochemists are usually associated with other scientists and engineers. Some biochemists are affiliated with the university and they may conduct research as well as teach. Typically, their research allows them to have a normal work schedule, based on a location, with a good salary and benefits.

Where is biochemistry used?

Biochemistry has obvious applications in dentistry, medicine and veterinary medicine. Other applications include:

Food Science
Biochemists determine the chemical composition of food, researching ways to develop abundant and inexpensive sources of nutritious food. Develop methods to extract nutrients from waste products and develop ways to extend the shelf life of food products.

Agriculture
Biochemists study the interaction of pesticides/ herbicides with plants and insects. They examine the structure-activity relationships of compounds, evaluate toxic effects on surrounding life and determine their ability to inhibit growth.

Pharmacology, Physiology, Microbiology, Toxicology, and Clinical Chemistry 
Biochemists investigate the mechanisms of drug action; engaged in viral research; conducting organ function research; or use chemical concepts, techniques, and methods to study disease diagnosis and therapy and health assessment.

History of Biochemistry

Although biochemistry is a relatively modern field of knowledge, its predecessors date back to ancient times. A very old example and where organic chemistry is reflected, is in the process of making bread, when yeast is added (fermentation).

But the exact beginning of this discipline was in 1828, when Friedrich Ohler published an article on urea synthesis, which proved that organic compounds, contrary to what was believed, could be produced artificially in a laboratory.

Since then, in the 19th century, there has been a rapid increase in the understanding of the substances that make up the body of an organism for the research of Louis Pasteur, Albrecht Kosel, Wilhelm Kuhne, and Edward Buchner.

The real revolution in organic chemistry took place in the second half of the 20th century, in the hands of modern molecular biology. This is due to the advancement of experimental techniques such as chromatography, centrifugation, electrophoresis, electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and other technologies which have resulted in scientific and technological advances and results in chemistry and science physical.

Thanks to all of this, it has become possible to understand the cell's metabolic cycle, immunology, enzymatic function, and DNA sequencing, allowing for advances in organisms such as cloning, genetic intervention, and gene therapy.

FAQs About Biochemistry

Question: Name three (3) amino acids containing nonpolar, aliphatic R groups.

Answer:  Amino acids containing nonpolar, aliphatic R groups are Alanine, Glycine, leucine.

Answer: DNA is a long polymer and contains deoxyribonuclease and phosphate backbone. It has four distinct bases, thymine, adenine, cytosine and guanine. RNA is a polymer with phosphate backbone and ribose. It also has four bases uracil, cytosine, adenine and guanine. The location of DNA is the nucleus and mitochondria of the cell. Location of RNA in cytoplasm, nucleus and ribosome. The sugar part of DNA is deoxyribose and the sugar part of RNA is ribose.. DNA is a double standard molecule but RNA is a single standard molecule. DNA self-replicates but RNA cannot self-replicate.

The nitrogen base pairing of DNA is guanine, cytosine and adenine, thymine. The nitrogen base pairings of RNA are guanine, cytosine and adenine, uracil. Kinds of RNA are m-RNA, t-RNA, rRNA, sn-RNA. The helix geometry of DNA is in beta-form and the helix geometry of RNA is alpha-form. DNA is more stable than RNA. DNA remains stable in the alkaline state. Abnormal bases are never present in DNA but may be present in RNA.


Friday, June 10, 2022

What Is An Example Of Analytical Chemistry? | And Use Them?

Definition Of Analytical Chemistry

Analytical chemistry is the science of chemistry that studies the chemical composition of substances and develops the tools used to test chemical compounds. This involves the use of wet lab chemistry as well as instruments. Analytical chemistry is important in science, engineering, medicine and industry.

What Is Analytical Chemistry?

Analytical chemistry is the science of obtaining, processing, and communicating information about the structure, and composition of matter. In other words, it is art and science to determine what the object is and how much it exists.

Analytical chemistry can be a challenging profession that makes important contributions in many areas of science. This is one of the most popular areas of work for ACS chemists.

What Do Analytical Chemists Do?

Analytical chemists use their general knowledge of chemistry, instruments, computers, and statistics to solve problems in almost all fields of chemistry and in all kinds of industries.

Typical Job Functions

An analytical chemist can conduct basic laboratory research, develop processes and products, design, teach or market materials used in analytical analysis and work in law. Common job functions include:

  • Performing qualitative and quantitative analysis
  • Sampling, defining, isolating, concentrating, and preserving samples
  • Setting error limits
  • Validating and verifying results through calibration and standardization
  • Performing separations based on differential chemical properties
  • Creating new ways to make measurements
  • Interpreting data in proper context
  • Communicating results and conclusions to other scientists

Specialized Knowledge

Automation has reduced the demand for analytical chemists to conduct regular analyzes. (Although human knowledge is immutable, especially for problem solving.) Employers tend to hire analytical chemists who know how to use increasingly sophisticated instruments in today's laboratory. They also value experience in certain types of analysis (e.g., food, environmental, forensic).

Today's state-of-the-art instrumentation devices - as well as the growing regulatory requirements - have created new opportunities for analytical chemists in a variety of fields:

  • Quality assurance experts ensure that the laboratories follow the documented and approved procedures.
  • Quality control experts ensure the quality of the products that the laboratories produce.
  • Chemists with strong technical and computer skills develop and use complex analytical techniques.
  • Analytical chemists are needed to verify compliance with the regulatory requirements of government agencies.
  • Entrepreneurial analytical chemists can start their own business, specializing in special types of analyzes or classes of compounds.

Where Is Analytical Chemistry Used? 

Applications of analytical chemistry include:

  • Ensuring safety and quality of food, pharmaceuticals and waterEnsuring compliance with environmental and other regulations
  • Supporting the legal process
  • Helping physicians diagnose diseases
  • Provide the necessary measurements and documentation for business
Analytical chemists often work in related jobs and are employed in industry, academia and government.

What Is An Examples Of Analytical Chemistry?

Analytical chemists analyze a wide range of compounds from ingredients to complex pharmaceuticals. If you ever drink soft drinks, you have benefited from the work of analytical chemists. In the food and beverage industry, analytical chemists are responsible for quality control. For example, a chemist can determine the concentration of caffeine in a soft drink by liquid chromatography so that it is consistent with the concentration of adsorbents. In forensic science, an analytical chemist can take a sample of clothing and examine it for the remnants of a gun through nuclear emission spectroscopy. In the world of professional sports, analytical chemistry is used to detect doping through HPLC-MS. In pharmaceutical development, analytical chemists help to isolate and identify new medicinal compounds. These are just a few examples of the role that analytical chemistry can play in our lives.

FAQs On Inorganic Chemistry

  • Question: What is the role of analytical chemistry?
  • Answer: The role of analytical chemistry is to identify, isolate and measure compounds and components. Analytical chemistry may be involved in the development of new analytical instruments. By identifying the structure of fancy molecules it can play a helpful role in organic and biochemistry.
  • Question: What is analytical chemistry in simple terms?
  • Answer: Analytical chemistry is a field of chemistry that focuses on compound identification and determining the amount of compounds in a solution or substance.
  • Question: What are examples of analytical chemistry?
  • Answer: Analytical chemistry is used in various fields. In forensic science, an analytical chemist can detect and measure the presence of toxins in a sample. In environmental science, analytical chemistry can be used to detect the presence of dangerous heavy metals such as arsenic. The pharmaceutical industry relies on analytical chemistry to detect and isolate new medicinal compounds.

Tuesday, June 7, 2022

What Are Examples Of Physical Chemistry?

What are Examples of Physical Chemistry?

Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic and particle phenomena in chemical systems in terms of principles, practices and concepts of physics such as motion, force, time, energy, thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, analytical dynamics, statistical mechanics and chemical equilibrium. Unlike chemical physics, physical chemistry is primarily (but not always) a macroscopic or super-molecular science, as most of the principles on which it was founded relate to bulk rather than just molecular/ atomic structures.

Physical Chemistry

What Is Physical Chemistry?

Physical chemistry is the study of atomic, subatomic, macroscopic chemical elements. Researchers have studied the principles of physics, concepts such as speed, force, time, energy, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, quantum, analytical dynamics, and the chemical balance of chemical elements.


What Do Physical Chemists Do?

Physical chemists discover, examine, and try to understand the physical properties of an element (e.g., solid, liquid, or gas). Accuracy and attention to detail make their work a bit like analytical chemistry.

They use sophisticated instruments and instruments such as lasers, mass spectrometers, atomic magnetic resonance and electron microscopes:

  • Analyze materials
  • Develop methods to test and characterize the properties of materials
  • Develop theories about these properties
  • Discover the potential use of the materials

Physical chemists emphasize the importance of applying mathematics to jobs. They use mathematical analysis and statistics on huge datasets to reveal hidden information about compounds, elements and processes - sometimes including millions of data points. They can conduct simulations, develop mathematical equations that predict how compounds will react over time.

Lab workers say their time is shared between benches and their desks, where they calculate and review data. Physical chemists who go into management spend time supervising other scientists, reviewing departmental needs and goals, and meeting with their company's business managers.

Where Is Physical Chemistry Used?

Research conducted by physical chemists is only a growing fraction of industry research. Accordingly, fewer physical chemists are being hired by government and industrial labs. Nonetheless, physical chemistry provides extensive training and positioning students to work in a variety of scientific careers, such as:

  • Emerging fields of physics and molecular modeling. Combining the traditional mathematical rigor of physical chemistry with the practicality of these fields offers new and exciting possibilities.
  • Career in Analytical Chemistry. Here, you will work to understand the basic processes involved in analytics techniques and find ways to improve and extend them.

Branches of Physical Chemistry

The ways in which physics can be applied to explain or solve chemical problems constitute important concepts in physical chemistry. However, some branches of physical chemistry that study these problems are described below.

  • The interaction between affair and electromagnetic radiation is studied in a branch of physical chemistry known as spectroscopy.
  • The strength and size of chemical bonds and the way the nucleus of an atom moves are studied in quantum chemistry.
  • The spontaneity of chemical reactions and the properties of chemical mixtures are studied in chemical thermodynamics.
  • Chemical kinetics deals with the probability and rate of chemical reactions. Along with many other factors that affect reaction rates such as the presence of a catalyst or the concentration of reactants.

From the concepts discussed above, it is clear that physical chemistry is a very diverse branch of chemistry. Which employ physics to study specific aspects of chemistry divided into different branches.

Conclusion

Not to mention the complexity of conducting experiments with radioactive systems at high temperatures, an extremely dangerous technical problem in terms of the number and potential stages of the physical chemistry of oxide fuels. In addition, the basic structure of the fuel changes over time and the chemical species is affected by exposure to vapor or coolant water in the case of clad failure or other materials in the event of a reactor accident. Nonetheless, advances in computational methods in the core of numerical modeling associated with Gibbs energy minimization and the corresponding phase field theory have made substantial and exciting progress possible.


Saturday, June 4, 2022

What Is Inorganic Chemistry? - Definition With Examples

Definition Of Inorganic Chemistry

Inorganic chemistry is defined as the study of the chemistry of matter from inorganic sources. In general, it refers to substances containing carbon-hydrogen bonds, including metals, salts and minerals. Inorganic chemistry is used to study and develop catalysts, superconductors, fuels, coatings, materials, surfactants and drugs. Important chemical reactions in inorganic chemistry include double acid-base reactions, displacement reactions, and redox reactions.

chemical reactions in inorganic chemistry

In contrast, the chemistry of compounds that contain C-H bonds is called organic chemistry. Both organic and inorganic chemistry overlap organic compounds. Organometallic compounds usually consist of a metal that is directly attached to a carbon atom.

The first (1st) man-made inorganic compound of commercial importance was the synthesis of ammonium nitrate. Ammonium nitrate was made using evaporation process for use as soil fertilizer.

What Is Inorganic Chemistry?

Inorganic chemistry relates to the properties and behavior of inorganic compounds, including metals, minerals, and organometallic compounds.

Although organic chemistry is defined as the study of carbon-containing compounds, inorganic chemistry is the study of the remaining (i.e., non-carbonated) subsets of the compound. But there could be an overlap between the two fields. For example, organometallic compounds usually contain a metal or metallic substance that is directly attached to carbon.

Where Is Inorganic Chemistry Used?

Inorganic compounds are used as catalysts, surfactants, coatings, pigments, medicines, fuels and many more. They often have high melting points and certain high or low electrical conductivity properties, which makes them suitable for specific purposes. For example:

  • Ammonia:  Ammonia is a source of nitrogen in Surrey. It is one of the major inorganic chemicals used in the production of nylon, fiber, plastics, polyurethane, hydrogen (used in jet and rocket fuels) and explosives.
  • Chlorine: Chlorine is used to make polyvinyl chloride (used for pipes, clothing, furniture, etc.), agrochemicals (e.g., fertilizers, pesticides, or soil treatments), pharmaceuticals, and chemicals for water treatment and disinfection.
  • Titanium: Titanium dioxide is a naturally occurring oxide of titanium, which is used as a white powder pigment in paints, coatings, plastics, paper, ink, fiber, food and cosmetics. It also has good ultraviolet light resistance properties and there is a growing demand for its use among photocatalysts.

Inorganic Chemistry Journals And Publications

It contains numerous publications dedicated to advances in inorganic chemistry. Journals include Inorganic Chemistry, Journal, Polyhedron of Inorganic Biochemistry, Dalton Transactions and Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan.

FAQs On Inorganic Chemistry

Question 1: What are the physical properties of chemistry?

Answer: Physical properties are observed or measured without changing the structure of matter. Physical features are used to observe and describe objects. Physical properties include odor, shape, texture, color, boiling point, density, solubility, melting point, polarity, and more.

Question 2: What is the scope of inorganic chemistry?

Answer: Inorganic chemistry is the study of the synthesis, structure and behavior of inorganic or organic compounds. Inorganic chemicals are used in every sector of the chemical industry, including catalysis, physics, dyes and pigments, pharmaceuticals, fuels, surfactants, coatings and plastics.