Narration Direct and Indirect Speech Exercises

Narration Direct and Indirect Speech Exercises

The first speaker made a statement himself and the second one made the same statement to another person. The first is the direct form of speech and the second is indirect speech. There are some rules to follow when changing from the former to the latter and vice versa. In this exercise, we will practice questioning or numbered sentences. In the topic Narration direct and indirect speech exercises. There are two different types of speeches to describe what people say- direct speech and indirect speech (or reported speech).

Let’s quickly reconsider the rules of direct and indirect speech practice.

There are two main ways to report a speaker.

• Direct Narration
• Indirect Narration

Direct Narration

If the speaker's utterance or speech or words are said exactly without any change while speaking to others, then it is called Direct Narration. We may quote his actual words. This is called Direct Speech.

Example:

• He said to me, "I am ill."
• He says, "I am well."
• “It’s been raining since this morning.”
• His friend said to him, “Can you spare your notebook for me for a day?”
• Her mother said to her, “Will you come home in the night in time?”
• The stranger said to the load,” Have you ever been to my city? ”

Direct narration has two parts. As he said to me in the above sentence. This part is called reporting speech. This part of the verb is called the reporting verb. And the other part is to reduce the inversion of the speaker. This part is called reporting speech and the action of this part is called reporting verb.

Features of Direct Narration or Speech:

Direct speech decreases inverted while writing. A comma sits after the reporting action. The first letter of direct speech is the original letter.

Indirect Narration

If the narrator's statement or statement or word is described or expressed in the narrator's own language, it is called indirect narration. We may report what he/ she said without quoting his exact words. This is called Indirect or Reporting Speech. 

Example:

• He told me that he was ill.
• He says that he is well.
• He said it’d been raining since that morning.
• His friend asked him if she could spare his notebook for her for a day.
• Her mother asked her if he would come home in the night in time.
• The stranger asked the load if he had ever been to his city.

Features of Indirect Narration/ Speech:

Indirect description will have no inverted commas. Even no comma will sit. The combination 'ye' will be used to describe the unchanging, optative and exclamatory sentence indirectly but no comma will be used. After the indirect narration, all the sentences take shape. Indirect descriptions can have different sizes of different sizes. This will be effective if the reporting action is past tense.

If there is no issue of reporting speech while conducting direct speech, then I've to take it as an object in mind. However, if the subject of the reporting verb is the first person, then you've to keep the second or third person in mind. When pointing to a direct description, if the reporting speech contains a first person, it follows the reporting action, and if it is a second person, it follows the object. However, if there is a third person, it doesn't change.

Narration Rules Chart With Examples 

Top 10 Direct to Indirect Taxes Rule

1. Rule: If the reporting verb is present tense or future tense, then there is no change in the tense except the reporting speech.

Example:

• Direct    : Jerry says, "I'm writing a letter."
• Indirect : Jerry says that he is writing a letter.
• Direct    : She'll say, "I am busy."
• Indirect : She'ill say that he is busy.

2. Rule: If the subject of the reporting speech is the first person, then the reporting action will change according to the subject.

Example:

• Direct    : My sister told him, "I bought the pen the previous day.
• Indirect : My sister told him that he bought the pen previous day.

3. Rule: During indirect description, the comma of the report verb and the inverse comma of the report's speech will be added and the 'that' combination will be added.

4. Rule: If there is a reporting verb say or says, then there is no change in this say or says during indirect narration.

Example:

• Direct    : He says, "I am ill."
• Indirect : He says that he is ill.

5. Rule: If the subject of the Reporting Speech is the second person, then the object of the Reporting verb will change accordingly.

Example:

• Direct    : Roky says to me, "You're a good boy."
• Indirect : Roky says me that I'm a good boy.

6. Rule: If the owner of the reporting speech is a third party, there will be no indirect third party change.

Example:

• Direct    : He says, "He is ill."
• Indirect : He says that he is ill.

7. Rule: If the reporting action is past tense, then report the speech and similar past tense.

The following is an example:

• Present Indefinite Tense --- Past Indefinite Tense
• Present Continuous Tense --- Past Continuous Tense
• Present Perfect Tense --- Past Perfect Tense
• Present Perfect Continuous --- Past Perfect Continuous

In order to narrate, you need to know the forms of Noun and Pronoun in a good way.

These are shown below:

Noun    Pronoun    Object    Possessive

Karim        He              Him        His
The boy    He              Him        His
The man   He              Him        His
The boys  They           Them     Their
The girl      She            Her         Her
Mother      She            Her         Her
                     I                Me          My
                    You           You        Your
                    We            Us          Our
The woman She         Her         He

8. Rule: If there is no object after the reporting verb (said), there'll be no change of said in Indirect.

Example:

• Direct    : She said, "I went home."
• Indirect : She said that he had gone home.

9. Rule: If there is an object after the verb in the reporting speech, then the object of the reporting action will sit like the object of the subject in the reporting action.

Example:

• Direct    : Rani said to me, "You love me."
• Indirect : Rani told me that I love him.

10. Role: If the following words are in the direct description, the indirect will become a distant word.

Example:

• This        That
• These     Those
• Here       There
• Today     That day
• Now        Then
• Ago         Before
• Come      Go
• Tomorrow  The next day
• Yesterday   The previous day
• Last night   The previous night
• Last week   The previous week

Direct    : Rony said me, "I went to school yesterday."

Indirect : Rony told me that he had gone to school the previous day.

Narration of Assertive Sentence

Example:

Direct    : Rana said to him, "You're doing a sum."
Indirect : Rana said to him that I was doing a sum.
Direct  : Rabi said to me, "I learn my lesson."
Indirect: Rabi said to me that he learnt his lesson.
Direct   : Samy said, "I was suffering from fever."
Indirect : Samy said that she had been suffering from fever.
Direct    : Smith said to Jake, "You're wrong."
Indirect: Smith told Jake that he was wrong.
Direct    : Jone said, "I ate my meal."
Indirect : Jone said that he had eaten his meal.

Direct   : Boby said, "I don't like this mobile."
Indirect: Boby said that he didn't like that mobile.
Direct    : Toni said to me, "I'm not reading now."
Indirect : Toni said to me that he was not reading then.
Direct    : Dolly said to me, "I want go to market now."
Indirect : Dolly told me that she wanted to go to market then.

Change the following Sentence into Indirect Speech:

• He said, "I can do it."
• She said, "Ice floats on water,"
• Jerry said, "I'm glad to here this evening."
• Smith said, "Write a letter."
• Lam said to Ram, "You have done your home work."
• She will say, "I shall go home tomorrow."
• Jone will say, "He write a letter."

Narration of Interrogative Sentence

Rule -- i: If you want to make an indirect narration from the direct of the interrogative sentence, ask, inquire of, demand of and said instead of asking, inquired of, demanded of etc. instead of reporting verb say.

Rule -- ii: Punctuation Marks or Comma and inverted comma if or will sit, that will not sit.

Rule -- iii: If there is interoperability in reporting speech directly, it will be indirect and strong.

Example:

Direct    : Rony said to me, "Will you buy a pen?"
Indirect : Rony asked me if I should buy a pen.
Direct    : Smith said to Jake, "Do you know me?"
Indirect : Smith asked Jake if he knew him.
Direct    : Dav said to me, "Do you write a story?"
Indirect : Dav asked me if I wrote a story.

Direct    : Those said to me, "Are you a student?"
Indirect : Those asked me if/whether I was a student.
Direct    : The mother said to me, "Are you fever?"
Indirect : The mother asked me if I was fever.
Direct    : Rose said to myself, "Did you learn your lesson?"
Indirect : Rose asked myself if I had learnt my lesson.

Rule -- iv: If Reporting speech Interrogative pronoun: what, which, when. Where, why, who starts with but if or will not sit in Indirect.

Example:

Direct    : The friend asked me, "What's your name?"
Indirect : The friend asked me what my name was.
Direct    : Milon said to me, "Will you follow me?"
Indirect : Milon asked him if he would follow me.
Direct    : Roky said to me, "Do you know my friend?"
Indirect : Roky asked me if I knew his friend.

Direct    : Rana said to him, "Did you go there yesterday?"

Indirect : Rana asked him if he had gone there the previous day.
Direct    : Ali said to Ahsan, "When will you come back?"
Indirect : Ali asked Ahsan he would went back.
Direct    : Roni said to me, "Who're you?"
Indirect : Roni asked who I was.

Change the following Sentences into Indirect Speech:

• Father said to me, "When will you return?"
• Roy said to Sad, "Do you know him?"
• She said to me, "Are you ill?"
• Bappi said to me, "What are you doing?"
• Milon said to him, "How can I help you?"
• He said to me, "Where do you live?"

Narration of Imperative Sentence

Rule -- 1: In order to make indirect narration from direct narration of Imperative sentence, the meaning and verbs of reported speech are ordered, advised, requested, begged and commanded. Again if the reported speech refers to the order, then the ordered will sit in the indirect of the reporting verb. 

And if the reported speech refers to the request, then the requested will sit in the indirect of the reporting verb. Again if the reported speech refers to the soldier's comma.

Example:

Direct    : I said to the woman, "Please give me a cup of water."
Indirect : I requested the woman to give me a cup of water.
Direct    : The teacher said to his son, "Go to school."
Indirect : The teacher ordered his son to go to school.
Direct    : My mother said to him, "Obey your teachers."
Indirect : My mother advised him to obey my teachers.

Direct    : The teacher ordered his pupils, "Stand up."
Indirect : The teacher ordered his pupils to stand up.
Direct    : My mother said to me, "Don't mix with dirty boy"
Indirect : My mother ordered me not to mix with dirty boy.
Direct    :  The teacher said to the pupils, "Go to your classroom."
Indirect : The teacher asked pupils to go to their classroom. 

Rule -- 2: If the reported speech of Imperative sentence 'Let us' means proposal, then the reporting verb indirect will have proposed or suggested comma and inverted comma will be added but not to. In indirect reported speech should be instead of let.

Example:

Direct    : Roby said, "Let us meet in a meeting."
Indirect : Roby proposed that they should meet in a meeting.
Direct    : Rani said, "Let us discuss the mater."
Indirect : Rani suggested that they should discuss the mater.
Direct    : Jone said to Smith, "Let us go to the market."
Indirect : Jone proposed to Smith that they should go to market.
Direct    : He/ She said to them, "Let us go out for a gait."
Indirect : He/ She proposed to them that they should go out for a gait.

Rule -- 3: In the reported speech of Imperative sentence, if 'let us' means permission without meaning, then in the reporting verb indirect, might will be used instead of let and that will be added.

Example:

Direct    : They said to Roy, "Let him say whatever he likes."

Indirect : He told Roy that he might say whatever he liked.
Direct    : He/ She said to me, "Let me write a letter."
Direct    : The beggar man said, "Let me have some food."
Indirect : The beggar man requested that he might have some food.

Indirect : He/ She said to me that he might write a letter.

Narration of Optative Sentence

Rule -- 1: If you want to do indirect narration from direct to Optative sentence, you will wish or pray instead of wished or prayed and said instead of reporting verb say. If there is may in reported speech, may will sit instead of might in indirect. Comma and inverted comma will be added. The last way to recognize the Optative sentence is to have long live or may before the reported speech subject.

Write Five Example of Optative Sentence

Direct    : Father said, "May you be happy."
Indirect : Father wished that I might be happy.
Direct    : The trainer said, "May you improve in life."
Indirect : The trainer wished that I might improve in life.
Direct    : Teacher said to her student, "May you pass the exam."
Indirect : Teacher prayed for her student that he might the exam.
Direct    : They said, "Long live our chairman."
Indirect : They wished that their chairman might live long.
Direct    : He/ She said to me, "Let me give a cup of water."
Indirect : He/ She said to me that he might have a cup of water.

Rule -- 2: If there is an object after said in the reporting verb, then for will sit after prayed.

Example:

Direct    : Rabbi said to my brother, "May Allah help you."
Indirect : Rabbi prayed my brother that Allah might help him.
Direct    : Brother said to me, "May Allah rescue you."
Indirect : Brother prayed for me that Allah might rescue me.

Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:

• We said, "Long live our country."
• Smith said to me, "May God bless you."
• Mother said to me, "May Allah help you."
• The teacher said, "May you prosper in life."
• Sister said to him, "May you do well in the test."

Narration of Exclamatory Sentence 

Rule -- 1: If you want to direct the Exclamatory sentence to direct, instead of reporting verb say, exclaim with joy or cry out with joy and said instead of exclaimed with joy or cried out with joy. Comma and inverted comma that will sit. If the reported speech means joy, then exclaimed with joy or cried out with joy will sit and if sorrow means exclaimed with sorrow or cried out with sorrow will sit. 

Again in direct narration, instead of what and how in reported speech, very or great sits. If the words 'fool' or 'what a pay' are used in the reported speech, then what will be great instead of what and how will be very much instead of how.

Example:

Direct    : She said, "Alas! I am undone!"
Indirect : She exclaimed with sorrow that he was undone.
Direct   : Dav said, "What a nice bloom it is!"
Indirect: Dav cried out with joy that it was a very nice bloom.
Direct    : Hulk said, "How beautiful the bird is!"
Indirect : Hulk exclaimed that the bird was very beautiful.
Direct    : Simu said, "What a fool I am!"
Indirect : Simu exclaimed with sorrow that he was a great fool.

Rule -- 2: If there is an object of reporting verb in direct in Exclamatory sentence, then there is no need for object in indirect.

Example:

Direct    : Jake said to me, "What a pity!"
Indirect : Jake exclaimed that was a great pity.
Direct    : Smith said, "Alas! I am ruined!"
Indirect : Smith exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined.
Direct   : She said, "What a cheering report!"
Indirect: She cried out that the report was very cheerful.
Direct    : He said, "Alas! My father is dead."
Indirect : He exclaimed with sorrow that his father was dead.

Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:

• Jake said, "How charming the scenery is! "
• Sammy said, "What a beautiful bird it is!"
• He said, "What a nice bird it is! "
• Jenny said, "What a beautiful flower it is!"
• She said, "Alas! My father is dead!"

Rules of Passage Narration

Rule -- 1: First you have to read the whole passage well and find out who the speaker is and who to speak to. After that, what kind of sentence should be changed according to its own rules?

Example:

Direct Speech : 'I want you to accomplish every commission sincerely. If you follow my sounds, you will certainly succeed in life,' grandfather said to his granddaughter.

Indirect Speech : Grandfather told his granddaughter that he (gf) wanted him (gd) to accomplish every commission sincerely. He (gf) added that if he (gd) followed his (gf) sounds, he (gd) would certainty succeed in life.

Rule -- 2: If there is more than one speaker after the speaker in the direct speech, in the case of the second or immediate pronunciation during the indirect speech, add that add more, again said that etc. should be used. However, the second sentence can be written separately.

Example:

Direct Speech : Mick said, "I can pasty some wood today. I will come again tomorrow. If it us essential I can do other jobs here."

Indirect Speech : Mick said that he could pasty some wood that day. He added that he would come again the text next day. He further added that if it was essential he could do other jobs there.

Rule -- 3: If there is 'yes' or 'no' in the reporting speech, then in indirect speech you have to use replied in the affirmative and told that and replied in the negative and told that respectively. And subject + auxiliary verb corresponding to the previous Interrogative sentence.

Example:

Direct Speech : Michael said to Harry, "Have you complete your assignment? " "No, I have not complete yet. I'll complete it today," said Harry.

Indirect Speech : Michel asked Harry if she (H) had complete her assignment Harry replied in the negative and told that she (H) had not complete yet. She (H) added that she (H) would complete it that day.

Rule -- 4: Even if the reporting verb is in the middle or at the end, he should bring it at the beginning of the sentence while making an indirect speech.

Example:

Direct Speech : 'You look a small biter like my mother. 'Jerry said to the poetess, 'Especially in the gloomy by the fire.'

Indirect Speech : Jerry told the poetess that she looked a small biter like his mother especially in the gloomy by the fire.

More Rules of Passage Narration

Rule -- 1: Many times in direct speech there is but at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, express dissatisfaction is usually used instead of but when doing indirect speech.

Example:

Direct Speech : The boy said me,  "How nice picture is! I wish I could earn it." "But it is not durable and will interval down in about a month," said her mother.

Indirect Speech : The boy exclaimed with surprised that the picture was very nice and she wished to earn it. Her mother expressed his dissatisfaction and said that it was not durable and would interval down in about a month.

Rule -- 2: Direct speech by Allah, by Jove, by God, by my life etc if there is any change in indirect speech, swearing by Allah, swearing by Jove, swearing by God, swearing by my life etc should be used.

Example:

Direct Speech : 'By Allah,' he replied, 'I will not have that place without completing this rescue operation."

Indirect Speech : Swearing by Allah, he replied that he would not have that place without completing that rescue operation.

Rule -- 3: In direct speech, if the speaker expresses his/ her speech through Assertive sentence and Interrogative sentence at the same time, then the sentence is added by and or at the beginning of the sentence.

Example:

Direct Speech : The teacher said to Jerry, "Why are you talking in the class? You should behave yourself."

Indirect Speech : The teacher asked Jerry why he was talking in the class and said that he (J) should behave himself.

Rule -- 4: In case of multiple Interrogative sentences, if there is the same speaker, then the next sentences are added by again asked/ also asked/ further asked.

Example:

Direct Speech : The woman said to the girl, 'Why do you disturb me? Have you performed your personal duty?

Indirect Speech : The woman asked the girl why he (girl) disturbed him. He (the woman) again asked the girl if he had performed his personal duty.

Work Out for Narration Example

1. Direct Speech : The trainer said to Jone, "Why are you talking in the class? You should demean oneself yourself." "Sir, I'm sorry, I'm asking Rafin to lend me his pen. My pen has run out," replied Jone. The trainer said, "Be carefully and listen to my lecture."

Indirect Speech : The master asked Jone why he was talking in the class and said that he (J) should demean oneself himself. Jone replied respectfully that he was sorry. He added that he was asking Rafin to lend him (J) his (R) pen because his (J) pen had run out. The master advised him to be careful and listen to his lecture.

2. Direct Speech : My friend said to me, "Why are you sitting alone here? I even have been trying to find you for one hour. allow us to choose a enter the open field." "Leave me alone." I said.

Indirect Speech : My friend asked me why i used to be sitting alone there. He added that he had been trying to find me for one hour. He also proposed that we should always go of a enter the open field. I told him to go away me alone.

3. Direct Speech : The boy said to the master, "Sir, I shall be much obliged if you kindly lend me the book you praised highly within the classroom yesterday." The master said, "I'm very glad to realize that you easily are wanting to read this English book. you're welcome to any of my books that you simply like."

Indirect Speech : The boy said to the master respectfully that he would be much obliged if he (M) kindly lend him (B) the book that he (M) had praised highly within the class room the previous day. The master said to the boy that he was very happy to understand that he was wanting to read that book. The master added that he (B) was welcome to any of his books that he liked.

4. Direct Speech : "My brother hear me an excellent treasure lies hidden within the ground. I'm getting to leave you." "How ill we discover it?" said the brothers. "You must dig the ground for it," said the old woman.

Indirect Speech : The old woman told his brothers to concentrate to him. He added that an excellent treasure lay hidden within the ground. He further added that he was getting to leave that to them. The brothers asked the old woman how they might find that. The old woman told his sons daughters that they had to dig or excavation the ground for that.

Direct and Indirect Speech Exercises

Directions (1-20): In the following questions, a Direct/ Indirect sentence is given. Of the Four suggested options, select the one that Direct/ Indirect best expresses the same sentence and mark your answer.

1. I said to him, “Will you go to London?”

(i) I asked him will he go to London.
(ii) I said to him would he go to London.
(iii) I asked him if he would go to London.
(iv) I said to him would you go to London.

2. He said, ‘I have seen this novel.’

(i) He said that he has seen this novel.
(ii) He said that he had seen that novel.
(iii) He said that he seen that novel.
(iv) He said that he had seen this novel.

3. He said, “I am buying a new book”.

(i) He said that he bought a new book.
(ii) He said that he was buying a new book.
(iii) He said that he had been buying a new book.
(iv) He said that he is buying a new book.

4. Jerry said, ‘I may go there.’

(i) Jerry says that she may go there.
(ii) Jerry says that she Is going there.
(iii) Jerry said that she will go there.
(iv) Jerry said that she might go there.

5. My cousin requested me to bring him a sandwich.

(i)He said, ‘My cousin, please bring me a sandwich.’
(ii) My cousin said, ‘Will you bring me a sandwich.’
(iii) ‘Please bring me a sandwich’, said my cousin.
(iv) ‘Please bring my friend a cousin’, said he.

6. David bade his love goodbye.

(i) David said, “Goodbye”.
(ii) David wished his love, “Goodbye”.
(iii) David exclaimed, “Goodbye, love”.
(iv) David said. “Goodbye, my love”.

7. She said to the boys, ‘You mustn’t play with fire.

(i) She told the boys they were not to play with fire.
(ii) She told the boys that they mustn’t play with fire.
(iii) She told the boys not to play with fire.
(iv) She told the boys they are not to play with fire.

8. Everyone says, ‘How well she sings!’

(i) Everyone comments that she sings well.
(ii) Everyone says how well she sings.
(iii) Everyone tells that she sang very well.
(iv) Everyone says that she sang well.

9. She says that she is very hungry.

(i) She said, ‘She was very hungry’.
(ii) She says, ‘I am very hungry’.
(iii) She said, ‘He is very hungry’.
(iv) She told me. ‘I felt hungry’.

10. Raman says, ‘Priya is working in Canada.’

(i) Raman say that Priya was working in Canada.
(ii) Raman said that Priya was working in Canada.
(iii) Raman said that Priya works in Canada.
(iv) Raman says that Priya is working in Canada.

11. Michael said. ‘It is time to leave for the meeting.’

(i) Michael said that it was time to leave for the meeting.
(ii) Michael told that it is time to leave for the meeting.
(iii) Michael said its time to leave for the meeting.
(iv) Michael said that it was time for the meeting.

12. The old man said that he would soon be leaving the world.

(i) The old man said, “I shall soon be leaving the world.”
(ii) The old man said. “I am soon leaving the world.”
(iii) The old man said, “I would soon leave the world.”
(iv) The old man said, “I am going to leave the world soon.”

13. His grandfather said that it was time he visited his teacher.

(i) “It was time you visited your teacher” said his grandfather.
(ii) “It is time you visited my teacher” said his grandfather.
(iii) “It is time you visit your teacher” said his grandfather.
(iv) “It is time you visited your teacher” said his grandfather.

14. I said, “Pure water is essential for life.”

(i) Pure water is essential for life was said by me.
(ii) I told that pure water was essential for life.
(iii) I exclaimed that pure water was essential for life.
(iv) I said that pure water is essential for life.

15. She asked me if I was going to school.

(i) He said, “Am I going to school?”
(ii) He said to me, “Are you going to school?”
(iii) He asked me, “Will you go to school?”
(iv) He asked to me, “Was I going to school?”

16. Madame said to him, “Is lying not a curse?”

(i) Madame asked him is lying not a curse.
(ii) Madame asked him if lying was not a curse.
(iii) Madame asked him was lying not a curse.
(iv) Madame asked him whether lying is not a curse.

17. Harry said, “I was doing it.”

(i) Harry said that he had been doing it.
(ii) Harry said that he had done it.
(iii) Harry said that he has done it.
(iv) Harry said that he did it.

18. The lady asked me how my grandma was.

(i) The lady said to me, “How is your grandma?”
(ii) The lady asked me, “How has your grandma been ?”
(iii) The lady said to me, “How was your grandma?”
(iv) The lady asked me, “How is your grandma doing?”

19. Rocky said, “Honesty is the best policy.”

(i) Rocky said that honesty is the best policy.
(ii) Rocky said that honesty was the best policy.
(iii) Rocky said that honesty had been the best policy.
(iv) Rocky said that honesty has been the best policy.

20. You will say, “I am very ill.”

(i) You will say that you are very ill.
(ii) You would say that you were very ill.
(iii) You would say that you are very ill.
(iv) You will say that you were very ill.

Note: 

For better understanding, watch the video Conversion of Chapters or Transformation of Substances. This will further help in understanding the matter.

Conclusion

Now that you have seen how we use narration direct and indirect speech exercises, make it a habit to use them yourself. A great and easy way to see how these are used is to read a short story in English or a news article online, as there are many examples of spoken discourse in stories and articles. However, Keeping a small diary of what has been said around you is an important way to practice. Explain what people have said and try to write a few examples of each form.

Frequently Asked Questions on Direct And Indirect Speech

What is Narration?

Answer: By definition, we can define narration as a concept of English grammar, which reports the words or speeches of some person or a speaker. It is the art of conveying a person's statement in a new sentence indicating the same meaning or message.

What is Narration Change?

Answer: The art of reporting a speaker's speech is called narration. There are two main ways a speaker can report a word. We can call it indirect speech or reported speech. There are some key rules for changing these lectures from direct to indirect. We need to consider tenses, pronouns, words that describe time, space, distance, sentence type, and so on.

What are The Types of Narration?

Answer: The two ways to report a speaker's speech are called direct speech and indirect speech. But what exactly are they? And how do we use it in the narration?

What is Direct Speech?

Answer:A direct speech is a sentence where the correct words spoken are repeated in inverted commas (also known as quotation marks). To write and indirect a direct speech, we use quotes (""). This is why it is sometimes called quoted speech. An important thing to remember is that the words inside the quotation marks should be the correct words of the speaker or the person concerned.

For example:

• "Do you understand the rules of narration?" Asked Nishat.
• Mahi said, “he would bring a fruit basket when he returned home.”
• “What’s that?” asked Alex.

What is Indirect Speech?

Answer: Indirect speech is also called reported speech, indirect narration or indirect speech. In grammar, when you report someone else's speech in your own language without any change in the meaning of the speech, it is called indirect speech.